libs/beast/example/http/server/async-ssl/http_server_async_ssl.cpp
//
// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Vinnie Falco (vinnie dot falco at gmail dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// Official repository: https://github.com/boostorg/beast
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Example: HTTP SSL server, asynchronous
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "example/common/server_certificate.hpp"
#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/http.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/ssl.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/version.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/strand.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
namespace beast = boost::beast; // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace http = beast::http; // from <boost/beast/http.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio; // from <boost/asio.hpp>
namespace ssl = boost::asio::ssl; // from <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
using tcp = boost::asio::ip::tcp; // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
// Return a reasonable mime type based on the extension of a file.
beast::string_view
mime_type(beast::string_view path)
{
using beast::iequals;
auto const ext = [&path]
{
auto const pos = path.rfind(".");
if(pos == beast::string_view::npos)
return beast::string_view{};
return path.substr(pos);
}();
if(iequals(ext, ".htm")) return "text/html";
if(iequals(ext, ".html")) return "text/html";
if(iequals(ext, ".php")) return "text/html";
if(iequals(ext, ".css")) return "text/css";
if(iequals(ext, ".txt")) return "text/plain";
if(iequals(ext, ".js")) return "application/javascript";
if(iequals(ext, ".json")) return "application/json";
if(iequals(ext, ".xml")) return "application/xml";
if(iequals(ext, ".swf")) return "application/x-shockwave-flash";
if(iequals(ext, ".flv")) return "video/x-flv";
if(iequals(ext, ".png")) return "image/png";
if(iequals(ext, ".jpe")) return "image/jpeg";
if(iequals(ext, ".jpeg")) return "image/jpeg";
if(iequals(ext, ".jpg")) return "image/jpeg";
if(iequals(ext, ".gif")) return "image/gif";
if(iequals(ext, ".bmp")) return "image/bmp";
if(iequals(ext, ".ico")) return "image/vnd.microsoft.icon";
if(iequals(ext, ".tiff")) return "image/tiff";
if(iequals(ext, ".tif")) return "image/tiff";
if(iequals(ext, ".svg")) return "image/svg+xml";
if(iequals(ext, ".svgz")) return "image/svg+xml";
return "application/text";
}
// Append an HTTP rel-path to a local filesystem path.
// The returned path is normalized for the platform.
std::string
path_cat(
beast::string_view base,
beast::string_view path)
{
if(base.empty())
return std::string(path);
std::string result(base);
#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
char constexpr path_separator = '\\';
if(result.back() == path_separator)
result.resize(result.size() - 1);
result.append(path.data(), path.size());
for(auto& c : result)
if(c == '/')
c = path_separator;
#else
char constexpr path_separator = '/';
if(result.back() == path_separator)
result.resize(result.size() - 1);
result.append(path.data(), path.size());
#endif
return result;
}
// This function produces an HTTP response for the given
// request. The type of the response object depends on the
// contents of the request, so the interface requires the
// caller to pass a generic lambda for receiving the response.
template<
class Body, class Allocator,
class Send>
void
handle_request(
beast::string_view doc_root,
http::request<Body, http::basic_fields<Allocator>>&& req,
Send&& send)
{
// Returns a bad request response
auto const bad_request =
[&req](beast::string_view why)
{
http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::bad_request, req.version()};
res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
res.body() = std::string(why);
res.prepare_payload();
return res;
};
// Returns a not found response
auto const not_found =
[&req](beast::string_view target)
{
http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::not_found, req.version()};
res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
res.body() = "The resource '" + std::string(target) + "' was not found.";
res.prepare_payload();
return res;
};
// Returns a server error response
auto const server_error =
[&req](beast::string_view what)
{
http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::internal_server_error, req.version()};
res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
res.body() = "An error occurred: '" + std::string(what) + "'";
res.prepare_payload();
return res;
};
// Make sure we can handle the method
if( req.method() != http::verb::get &&
req.method() != http::verb::head)
return send(bad_request("Unknown HTTP-method"));
// Request path must be absolute and not contain "..".
if( req.target().empty() ||
req.target()[0] != '/' ||
req.target().find("..") != beast::string_view::npos)
return send(bad_request("Illegal request-target"));
// Build the path to the requested file
std::string path = path_cat(doc_root, req.target());
if(req.target().back() == '/')
path.append("index.html");
// Attempt to open the file
beast::error_code ec;
http::file_body::value_type body;
body.open(path.c_str(), beast::file_mode::scan, ec);
// Handle the case where the file doesn't exist
if(ec == beast::errc::no_such_file_or_directory)
return send(not_found(req.target()));
// Handle an unknown error
if(ec)
return send(server_error(ec.message()));
// Cache the size since we need it after the move
auto const size = body.size();
// Respond to HEAD request
if(req.method() == http::verb::head)
{
http::response<http::empty_body> res{http::status::ok, req.version()};
res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
res.set(http::field::content_type, mime_type(path));
res.content_length(size);
res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
return send(std::move(res));
}
// Respond to GET request
http::response<http::file_body> res{
std::piecewise_construct,
std::make_tuple(std::move(body)),
std::make_tuple(http::status::ok, req.version())};
res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
res.set(http::field::content_type, mime_type(path));
res.content_length(size);
res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
return send(std::move(res));
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Report a failure
void
fail(beast::error_code ec, char const* what)
{
// ssl::error::stream_truncated, also known as an SSL "short read",
// indicates the peer closed the connection without performing the
// required closing handshake (for example, Google does this to
// improve performance). Generally this can be a security issue,
// but if your communication protocol is self-terminated (as
// it is with both HTTP and WebSocket) then you may simply
// ignore the lack of close_notify.
//
// https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/38
//
// https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/91435/how-to-handle-a-malicious-ssl-tls-shutdown
//
// When a short read would cut off the end of an HTTP message,
// Beast returns the error beast::http::error::partial_message.
// Therefore, if we see a short read here, it has occurred
// after the message has been completed, so it is safe to ignore it.
if(ec == net::ssl::error::stream_truncated)
return;
std::cerr << what << ": " << ec.message() << "\n";
}
// Handles an HTTP server connection
class session : public std::enable_shared_from_this<session>
{
// This is the C++11 equivalent of a generic lambda.
// The function object is used to send an HTTP message.
struct send_lambda
{
session& self_;
explicit
send_lambda(session& self)
: self_(self)
{
}
template<bool isRequest, class Body, class Fields>
void
operator()(http::message<isRequest, Body, Fields>&& msg) const
{
// The lifetime of the message has to extend
// for the duration of the async operation so
// we use a shared_ptr to manage it.
auto sp = std::make_shared<
http::message<isRequest, Body, Fields>>(std::move(msg));
// Store a type-erased version of the shared
// pointer in the class to keep it alive.
self_.res_ = sp;
// Write the response
http::async_write(
self_.stream_,
*sp,
beast::bind_front_handler(
&session::on_write,
self_.shared_from_this(),
sp->need_eof()));
}
};
beast::ssl_stream<beast::tcp_stream> stream_;
beast::flat_buffer buffer_;
std::shared_ptr<std::string const> doc_root_;
http::request<http::string_body> req_;
std::shared_ptr<void> res_;
send_lambda lambda_;
public:
// Take ownership of the socket
explicit
session(
tcp::socket&& socket,
ssl::context& ctx,
std::shared_ptr<std::string const> const& doc_root)
: stream_(std::move(socket), ctx)
, doc_root_(doc_root)
, lambda_(*this)
{
}
// Start the asynchronous operation
void
run()
{
// Set the timeout.
beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));
// Perform the SSL handshake
stream_.async_handshake(
ssl::stream_base::server,
beast::bind_front_handler(
&session::on_handshake,
shared_from_this()));
}
void
on_handshake(beast::error_code ec)
{
if(ec)
return fail(ec, "handshake");
do_read();
}
void
do_read()
{
// Make the request empty before reading,
// otherwise the operation behavior is undefined.
req_ = {};
// Set the timeout.
beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));
// Read a request
http::async_read(stream_, buffer_, req_,
beast::bind_front_handler(
&session::on_read,
shared_from_this()));
}
void
on_read(
beast::error_code ec,
std::size_t bytes_transferred)
{
boost::ignore_unused(bytes_transferred);
// This means they closed the connection
if(ec == http::error::end_of_stream)
return do_close();
if(ec)
return fail(ec, "read");
// Send the response
handle_request(*doc_root_, std::move(req_), lambda_);
}
void
on_write(
bool close,
beast::error_code ec,
std::size_t bytes_transferred)
{
boost::ignore_unused(bytes_transferred);
if(ec)
return fail(ec, "write");
if(close)
{
// This means we should close the connection, usually because
// the response indicated the "Connection: close" semantic.
return do_close();
}
// We're done with the response so delete it
res_ = nullptr;
// Read another request
do_read();
}
void
do_close()
{
// Set the timeout.
beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));
// Perform the SSL shutdown
stream_.async_shutdown(
beast::bind_front_handler(
&session::on_shutdown,
shared_from_this()));
}
void
on_shutdown(beast::error_code ec)
{
if(ec)
return fail(ec, "shutdown");
// At this point the connection is closed gracefully
}
};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Accepts incoming connections and launches the sessions
class listener : public std::enable_shared_from_this<listener>
{
net::io_context& ioc_;
ssl::context& ctx_;
tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
std::shared_ptr<std::string const> doc_root_;
public:
listener(
net::io_context& ioc,
ssl::context& ctx,
tcp::endpoint endpoint,
std::shared_ptr<std::string const> const& doc_root)
: ioc_(ioc)
, ctx_(ctx)
, acceptor_(ioc)
, doc_root_(doc_root)
{
beast::error_code ec;
// Open the acceptor
acceptor_.open(endpoint.protocol(), ec);
if(ec)
{
fail(ec, "open");
return;
}
// Allow address reuse
acceptor_.set_option(net::socket_base::reuse_address(true), ec);
if(ec)
{
fail(ec, "set_option");
return;
}
// Bind to the server address
acceptor_.bind(endpoint, ec);
if(ec)
{
fail(ec, "bind");
return;
}
// Start listening for connections
acceptor_.listen(
net::socket_base::max_listen_connections, ec);
if(ec)
{
fail(ec, "listen");
return;
}
}
// Start accepting incoming connections
void
run()
{
do_accept();
}
private:
void
do_accept()
{
// The new connection gets its own strand
acceptor_.async_accept(
net::make_strand(ioc_),
beast::bind_front_handler(
&listener::on_accept,
shared_from_this()));
}
void
on_accept(beast::error_code ec, tcp::socket socket)
{
if(ec)
{
fail(ec, "accept");
}
else
{
// Create the session and run it
std::make_shared<session>(
std::move(socket),
ctx_,
doc_root_)->run();
}
// Accept another connection
do_accept();
}
};
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// Check command line arguments.
if (argc != 5)
{
std::cerr <<
"Usage: http-server-async-ssl <address> <port> <doc_root> <threads>\n" <<
"Example:\n" <<
" http-server-async-ssl 0.0.0.0 8080 . 1\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
auto const address = net::ip::make_address(argv[1]);
auto const port = static_cast<unsigned short>(std::atoi(argv[2]));
auto const doc_root = std::make_shared<std::string>(argv[3]);
auto const threads = std::max<int>(1, std::atoi(argv[4]));
// The io_context is required for all I/O
net::io_context ioc{threads};
// The SSL context is required, and holds certificates
ssl::context ctx{ssl::context::tlsv12};
// This holds the self-signed certificate used by the server
load_server_certificate(ctx);
// Create and launch a listening port
std::make_shared<listener>(
ioc,
ctx,
tcp::endpoint{address, port},
doc_root)->run();
// Run the I/O service on the requested number of threads
std::vector<std::thread> v;
v.reserve(threads - 1);
for(auto i = threads - 1; i > 0; --i)
v.emplace_back(
[&ioc]
{
ioc.run();
});
ioc.run();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}