C++ Boost

Serialization

Code Structure


Files Included by User Programs
Archive Implementations
Serialization Declarations
Serialization Implementations
Files Which Implement the Library
Archive Development
Archive Internals
Archive Library Code Modules
Dataflow Iterators
This library includes a large number of files. They are organized and classified according to the purposes listed in the above index.

namespace of classes and templates is synchronized with the directory in which the file is found. For example, the class declaration


boost::archive::text_oarchive
is included with the following declaration

#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>

Files Included by User Programs

Using this library entails including headers listed in this section. It should not be necessary to explictly include any other header files.

Archive Implementations

These header files contain declarations used to save and restore data to each type of archive. Include the archives according to the facilities the code module requires.
boost/archive/archive_exception.hpp
Exceptions which might be invoked by the library.
boost/archive/binary_iarchive.hpp
native binary input archive used for loading.
boost/archive/binary_oarchive.hpp
native binary output archive used for saving.
boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp
text input archive used for loading.
boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp
text output archive used for saving.
boost/archive/text_wiarchive.hpp
wide character text input archive used for loading.
boost/archive/text_woarchive.hpp
wide character text input archive used for saving.
boost/archive/xml_iarchive.hpp
xml input archive used for loading.
boost/archive/xml_oarchive.hpp
xml output archive used for saving.
boost/archive/xml_wiarchive.hpp
wide character xml input archive used for loading.
boost/archive/xml_woarchive.hpp
wide character xml output archive used for saving.

Serialization Declarations

To specify how a type is serialized, one codes templates for serialization functions. In the simplest cases, this does not require the inclusion of any header files for this purpose. In most cases one or more of the following header files will have to be included in order to complete or refine the description of the serializaition implementation for a given class.
boost/serialization/base_object.hpp
For serialization of base classes.
boost/serialization/nvp.hpp
To associate a name tag with a serializable object. This is necessary to properly render an xml archive which includes the object name.
boost/serialization/split_free.hpp
To divide implementation of non-intrusive serialization into separate save and load functions.
boost/serialization/split_member.hpp
To divide implementation of intrusive serialization into separate save and load functions.
boost/serialization/export.hpp
For serialization of pointers to derived classes via key export.
boost/serialization/assume_abstract.hpp
This is just a thin wrapper which permits one to explicitly specify that a particular type is an abstract base class. It is necessary to use this for compilers which don't support the boost type traits implementation of is_abstact.
This group will be required less frequently. The are used to override aspects of the default implementation of the serialization process for specified types.
boost/serialization/version.hpp
To override the default version index (0) assigned to a class.
boost/serialization/level.hpp
To override the default implementaton level trait for a type.
boost/serialization/tracking.hpp
To override the default tracking trait for a type.
boost/serialization/type_info_implementation.hpp
By default, the library uses RTTI, to identify types at runtime. In some cases, E.G. such as a platform which doesn't implement RTTI, this header can be included to permit the override of the default runtime type identification system.

Serialization Implementations

This group of headers includes templates which implement serialization for Standard Library or Boost Library templates. Any program which uses these templates can invoke serialization of objects of these types just by including the corresponding header.

By convention these header files are named: boost/serialization/xxx.hpp where xxx is the name of the header file which contains the type to be serialized. For example, the declaration


#include <boost/serialization/list.hpp>
includes the code to implement serialization of the STL std::list type. While

#include <boost/serialization/shared_ptr.hpp>
includes code to implement serialization of the BOOST boost::shared_ptr type. Note that including the serialization header for a type automatically includes the appropriate header of the type to be serialized. As of this writing, the library includes templates of all STL library templates as well as templates for boost::optional, boost::shared_ptr, and boost::scoped_ptr. Presumably, this list will expand with the passage of time.

Files Which Implement the Library

Archive Development

These header files contain declarations for basic types used to create concrete archive types that are made available to users above. Users wishing to make their own type of archive may want to examine these headers to see how the archives included with the libary have been constructed.
boost/archive/basic_archive.hpp
This file includes declarations for certain types that have to be accounted for in all archive implementations. The serialization system relies on certain special types such as class_id_type and others to record information in archives that is required to reconstruct the original data structure. These are handled exactly as any other serializable type. That is, they can be handled as simple primitives such as they are in simple text files, or with special code as they are in xml archives.
boost/archive/basic_text_oprimitive.hpp
boost/archive/basic_text_iprimitive.hpp
Implementation of serialization of primitive types in terms of character or wide character text streams. This is used in the implementation of text and xml archives. Presumably this would be useful for implementations of other variations of text archives such as user friendly text or windows ini files.
boost/archive/basic_binary_oprimitive.hpp
boost/archive/basic_binary_iprimitive.hpp
Implementation of serialization of primitive types in terms of character or wide character binary streams.
boost/archive/basic_binary_oarchive.hpp
boost/archive/basic_binary_iarchive.hpp
Implementation of serialization of all types in terms of character or wide character binary streams. This is factored out separately from the implementation of binary primitives above. This may facilitate the creation of other types of binary archives in the future. It also preserves analogy and symmetry with the rest of the library which aids in understanding.
boost/archive/basic_text_oarchive.hpp
boost/archive/basic_text_iarchive.hpp
boost/archive/basic_xml_oarchive.hpp
boost/archive/basic_xml_iarchive.hpp
Implementation of serialization of all types in terms of character or wide character text streams. These classes specify archive type specific behavior on a type by type basis. For example, basic_xml_oarchive.hpp includes code to guarantee that any object not attached to a name will trap during compile time. On the other hand, basic_text_oarchive.hpp contains code to strip out and ingore any names attached to objects.

boost/archive/detail/common_iarchive.hpp
boost/archive/detail/common_oarchive.hpp
All archive implementations are derived from these header files. They provide the interface to the internal implementation details of the library.

Archive Internals

The interface (see
Archive Concepts) and implementation are factored out into separate classes to minimize code duplication. These files are found in the directory boost/archive/detail. These are included as necessary by the archive class implemenations listed above. This has the unfortunate side effect of making the implementation less transparent. Users should never find it necessary to change these files.

The following discussion is based on the class diagram.

boost/archive/detail/interface_iarchive.hpp
boost/archive/detail/interface_iarchive.hpp
Here are the declarations and definitions for the archive_concept. This class redirects calls to the archive interface to a function named save_override in the most derived archive class.
save_override is declared and implemented in each class in the archive hierarchy.

template
void save_override(T & t, BOOST_PFTO int){
    // All for otherwise unhandled types are forwarded to the base class.
    // This emulates behavior for function overloading.
    this->base::save_override(t, 0);
}
void save_override(const some_type & t, int){
    // any special handling for some type
    // this will usually entail forwarding some other operation
    // in the most derived class.
    this->This()->...
    // or in one of its parents basic_text_oprimitive
    this->This()->save(static_cast<int>(t));
}
... // other special type handling
Note the usage of Partial Function Template Ordering to permit the correct save implementation to be selected.

Archive Library Code Modules

Parts of the library are implemented as library code. All of this code is to be found in
libs/serialization/src. in the form of *.cpp. The directory boost/archive/impl contains *.ipp files which implement templates. These templates are instantiated only by archive implementation so are generally not included in user code modules.

The trade offs related to library implementation via pre-compiled code and templated headers are well known. This library uses both. It uses templated headers to generate code to serialize user and primitive types and it uses pre-compiled library code for that part of the code which only depends upon the archive type. Building of the library generates and compiles code for all archives implemented.

An example of this is the usage of the spirit library in the library. It takes a long time to compile and includes lots of other files. Having this only in the library is much more convenient that having to include it in every program which uses xml serialization.

Dataflow Iterators

In the course of developing this library, it became convenient to make a set of composable iterator adaptors for handling archive text. Applications include escaping and unescaping xml text and implementing to/from base64 conversion among others.

This is a ripe topic in itself. It's touched upon by the boost iterator libraries, View Template Library, and others.

The code for these iterators is really independent of this library. But since it hasn't been and probably won't be reviewed outside of this context. I've left it in a directory local to the serialization library: boost/archive/iterators. These iterators are described in Dataflow Iterators.


© Copyright Robert Ramey 2002-2004. Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)